Explain Framework.

Record and play back Framework  :
In this Framework , User records the test steps in the application. This is very basic framework. Modular approach is not followed. Maintenance of the test scripts is time consuming and difficult.

DATA Driven Framework :
In data driven framework, importance is given to test data than multiple functionality of application. We design data driven framework to work with applications where we want to test same flow with different test data. Test data is usually stored in the excel sheet. Test steps are stored in QTP script library.

Keyword Driven Framework  :
In Keyword Driven Framework , Importance is given to functions than Test Data. when we have to test multiple functionality we can go for keyword frameworks. Each keyword is mapped to function in QTP library and application. Test data and test steps are stored in the excel file.

Hybrid Framework -
This is the combination of keyword and data driven frameworks.

After analyzing the  application, you can decide what kind of framework best suits your needs and then you can design automation framework in QTP.
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Types of Automation Frameworks in QTP

Automation framework is designed to ease the process of test automation using QTP. Automation framework helps from scalability point of view. It is very easy to automate the test cases using automation framework rather than ad-hoc approach.

1. Record and Play Back
2. Data Driven Framework
3. Keyword Driven Framework
4. Hybrid Framework

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What is Hybrid Framework in QTP?

Hybrid framework is the platform where we could put keyword driven framework , data driven framework in one. So it can do the job of the above all in one .

Keyword driven framework : It enable the tester to create its own customized keyword which can be used while automating the application.

Data driven framework : It enables the tester to fetch data from an external source such as DB , even from an excel sheet.

The framework which integrate the above two is known as Hybrid framework. 
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Utility Objects ?

• Crypt Object
• DataTable Object
• Description Object
• DotNetFactory Object
• DTParameter Object
• DTSheet Object
• Environment Object
• Extern Object
• LocalParameter Object
• MercuryTimers Object (Collection)
• MercuryTimer Object
• Parameter Object
• PathFinder Object
• Properties Object (Collection)
• QCUtil Object
• RandomNumber Object
• Recovery Object
• Reporter Object
• RepositoriesCollection Object
• Repository Object
• Services Object
• Setting Object
• SystemMonitor Object
• TextUtil Object
• TSLTest Object
• XMLUtil Object

       

The following utility statements help you control your test.

• DescribeResult Statement
• ExecuteFile Statement
• ExitAction Statement
• ExitActionIteration Statement
• ExitComponent Statement
• ExitComponentIteration Statement
• ExitTest Statement
• ExitTestIteration Statement
• GetLastError Statement
• InvokeApplication Statement
• LoadAndRunAction Statement
• ManualStep Statement
• Print Statement
• RegisterUserFunc Statement
• RunAction Statement
• SetLastError Statement
• UnregisterUserFunc Statement
• Wait Statement

• DbTable Object
• VirtualButton Object
• VirtualCheckBox Object
• VirtualList Object
• VirtualObject Object
• VirtualRadioButton Object
• VirtualTable Object
• XMLAttribute Object
• XMLAttributesColl Object
• XMLData Object
• XMLElement Object
• XMLElementsColl Object
• XMLFile Object
• XMLItemColl Object

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Explain the check points in QTP?

A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in a Application while the test is running. You can add eight types of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP.

1)A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of a Application 
2)A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place on a Application.  
3)An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object on a Application. 
4)An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on a Application.  
5)A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a Application 
6)An Accessiblity checkpoint checks the web page for Section 508 compliance.  
7)An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual XML data files or XML documents that are part of your Web application. 
8)A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases accessed by your web site.

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What are the types of Object Repositorys in QTP?

QuickTest has two types of object repositories for storing object information: shared object repositories and action object repositories. You can choose which type of object repository you want to use as the default type for new tests, and you can change the default as necessary for each new test. 

The object repository per-action mode is the default setting. In this mode, QuickTest automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test so that you can create and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than one action and you modify an object's property values in one action, you may need to make the same change in every action (and any test) containing the object.

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How QTP recognizes Objects in AUT?

QuickTest stores the definitions for application objects in a file called the Object Repository.  As you record your test, QuickTest will add an entry for each item you interact with.  Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical name (determined automatically by QuickTest), and will contain a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each object.  

Each line in the QuickTest script will contain a reference to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method (such as the value for a call to the set method).  The references to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name, rather than any physical, descriptive properties.

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